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The `'path'` module in the Node.js 4.x release line contains a potential regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) vector. The code in question was replaced in Node.js 6.x and later so this vulnerability only impacts all versions of Node.js 4.x. The regular expression, `splitPathRe`, used within the `'path'` module for the various path parsing functions, including `path.dirname()`, `path.extname()` and `path.parse()` was structured in such a way as to allow an attacker to craft a string, that when passed through one of these functions, could take a significant amount of time to evaluate, potentially leading to a full denial of service.

The permission model protects itself against path traversal attacks by calling path.resolve() on any paths given by the user. If the path is to be treated as a Buffer, the implementation uses Buffer.from() to obtain a Buffer from the result of path.resolve(). By monkey-patching Buffer internals, namely, Buffer.prototype.utf8Write, the application can modify the result of path.resolve(), which leads to a path traversal vulnerability. This vulnerability affects all users using the experimental permission model in Node.js 20 and Node.js 21. Please note that at the time this CVE was issued, the permission model is an experimental feature of Node.js.

A inconsistency in Node.js hostname matching can cause a trust-policy bypass in multi-context mTLS setups. This vulnerability affects all supported release lines: **Node.js 22**, **Node.js 24**, and **Node.js 26**.

A memory leak in Node.js’s OpenSSL integration occurs when converting `X.509` certificate fields to UTF-8 without freeing the allocated buffer. When applications call `socket.getPeerCertificate(true)`, each certificate field leaks memory, allowing remote clients to trigger steady memory growth through repeated TLS connections. Over time this can lead to resource exhaustion and denial of service.

A vulnerability has been identified in Node.js, specifically affecting the handling of drive names in the Windows environment. Certain Node.js functions do not treat drive names as special on Windows. As a result, although Node.js assumes a relative path, it actually refers to the root directory. On Windows, a path that does not start with the file separator is treated as relative to the current directory. This vulnerability affects Windows users of `path.join` API.

The use of `module.constructor.createRequire()` can bypass the policy mechanism and require modules outside of the policy.json definition for a given module. This vulnerability affects all users using the experimental policy mechanism in all active release lines: 16.x, 18.x, and, 20.x. Please note that at the time this CVE was issued, the policy is an experimental feature of Node.js.

A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in Node.js <19.6.1, <18.14.1, <16.19.1 and <14.21.3 that made it possible to bypass the experimental Permissions (https://nodejs.org/api/permissions.html) feature in Node.js and access non authorized modules by using process.mainModule.require(). This only affects users who had enabled the experimental permissions option with --experimental-policy.

Node.js versions 9.7.0 and later and 10.x are vulnerable and the severity is MEDIUM. A bug introduced in 9.7.0 increases the memory consumed when reading from the network into JavaScript using the net.Socket object directly as a stream. An attacker could use this cause a denial of service by sending tiny chunks of data in short succession. This vulnerability was restored by reverting to the prior behaviour.

A flaw in V8's string hashing mechanism causes integer-like strings to be hashed to their numeric value, making hash collisions trivially predictable. By crafting a request that causes many such collisions in V8's internal string table, an attacker can significantly degrade performance of the Node.js process. The most common trigger is any endpoint that calls `JSON.parse()` on attacker-controlled input, as JSON parsing automatically internalizes short strings into the affected hash table. This vulnerability affects **20.x, 22.x, 24.x, and 25.x**.

Node.js: All versions prior to Node.js 6.15.0, 8.14.0, 10.14.0 and 11.3.0: Denial of Service with large HTTP headers: By using a combination of many requests with maximum sized headers (almost 80 KB per connection), and carefully timed completion of the headers, it is possible to cause the HTTP server to abort from heap allocation failure. Attack potential is mitigated by the use of a load balancer or other proxy layer.

In Node.js including 6.x before 6.17.0, 8.x before 8.15.1, 10.x before 10.15.2, and 11.x before 11.10.1, an attacker can cause a Denial of Service (DoS) by establishing an HTTP or HTTPS connection in keep-alive mode and by sending headers very slowly. This keeps the connection and associated resources alive for a long period of time. Potential attacks are mitigated by the use of a load balancer or other proxy layer. This vulnerability is an extension of CVE-2018-12121, addressed in November and impacts all active Node.js release lines including 6.x before 6.17.0, 8.x before 8.15.1, 10.x before 10.15.2, and 11.x before 11.10.1.

An incomplete fix for CVE-2024-36137 leaves `FileHandle.chmod()` and `FileHandle.chown()` in the promises API without the required permission checks, while their callback-based equivalents (`fs.fchmod()`, `fs.fchown()`) were correctly patched. As a result, code running under `--permission` with restricted `--allow-fs-write` can still use promise-based `FileHandle` methods to modify file permissions and ownership on already-open file descriptors, bypassing the intended write restrictions. This vulnerability affects **20.x, 22.x, 24.x, and 25.x** processes using the Permission Model where `--allow-fs-write` is intentionally restricted.

ELSA-2019-3497: http-parser security and bug fix update (MODERATE)

A flaw in Node.js Permission Model enforcement can over-grant filesystem access across radix-tree prefix boundaries. Under `--permission`, an attacker who is granted access to one path can abuse boundary handling to read from or write to paths outside the intended filesystem allowlist. This vulnerability affects Node.js **main**, **22.x**, **24.x**, and **26.x**.

A flaw in Node.js Permission Model enforcement can over-grant filesystem access across radix-tree prefix boundaries. Under `--permission`, an attacker who is granted access to one path can abuse boundary handling to read from or write to paths outside the intended filesystem allowlist. This vulnerability affects Node.js **main**, **22.x**, **24.x**, and **26.x**.

A flaw in Node.js Permission Model enforcement can over-grant filesystem access across radix-tree prefix boundaries. Under `--permission`, an attacker who is granted access to one path can abuse boundary handling to read from or write to paths outside the intended filesystem allowlist. This vulnerability affects Node.js **main**, **22.x**, **24.x**, and **26.x**.

A flaw in Node.js Permission Model enforcement can over-grant filesyst ...

A flaw in Node.js HTTPS Agent connection reuse can cause PFX object-array key collisions, allowing mutual TLS (mTLS) client identities to be reused across requests configured with different client certificates. This vulnerability affects Node.js **26.x**, **24.x**, and **22.x**.

A flaw in Node.js HTTPS Agent connection reuse can cause PFX object-array key collisions, allowing mutual TLS (mTLS) client identities to be reused across requests configured with different client certificates. This vulnerability affects Node.js **26.x**, **24.x**, and **22.x**.

A flaw in Node.js HTTPS Agent connection reuse can cause PFX object-array key collisions, allowing mutual TLS (mTLS) client identities to be reused across requests configured with different client certificates. This vulnerability affects Node.js **26.x**, **24.x**, and **22.x**.