In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_tables: skip double clone set expressions on element insert Both the dynset and newsetelem path clone the existing set expressions when setting set element expressions if no override expressions are provided. This results in a double clone, once to clone the template set expressions then another clone on the new element. Add a flag to annotate if userspace provides a override expression (ie. expression of the same type of the set but different configuration), otherwise borrow the existing expression from the set. Add conditionals to release expression iif they represent an override. Use this new override_exprs flag to dump the dynset expression override to userspace. This simplifies the existing logic and it also fixes a bug with the connlimit expression which results in a module refcount imbalance WARNING splat when resorting on the default set expressions.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: control: Don't add invalid kcontrols to LED layer The kcontrol LED state layer tries to track the all associated kcontrol elements with naive assumptions that they are readable. But one can create a write-only element that has no get callback (even a user element can do it), and this may lead to a NULL dereference at the call chain of snd_ctl_led_notify(), as found by syzkaller. For avoiding the Oops, add a sanity check of the kcontrol's info and get callbacks, and just skip the invalid kcontrols before assigning the kctl to the LED layer.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: stmmac: restore NET_IP_ALIGN in the RX DMA offset Since the RX path was converted to zero-copy, the page pool page is handed to the stack directly as the skb head, and the offset the DMA engine writes at is what determines the alignment of the packet headers. Before the conversion the payload was copied into an skb obtained from napi_alloc_skb(), which reserves NET_SKB_PAD + NET_IP_ALIGN. The conversion moved the headroom into stmmac_rx_offset() but did not carry over NET_IP_ALIGN, so on architectures where NET_IP_ALIGN is 2 the IP header now lands misaligned: 64 (NET_SKB_PAD) + 14 (ethernet) + 20 (IP) = 98 Same for the XDP branch: 256 (XDP_PACKET_HEADROOM) + 14 (ethernet) + 20 (IP) = 290 On ARM32 this is fatal, because ldm and ldrd trap on unaligned addresses even when CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS is set. Any received echo request panics the machine, e.g: Unhandled fault: alignment except

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/sched: bound qdisc_pkt_len to prevent qdisc soft lockup qdisc_get_stab() accepts a user-supplied size table, and __qdisc_calculate_pkt_len() amplifies qdisc_pkt_len() through the overhead, the size-table data (u16), and size_log (up to STAB_SIZE_LOG_MAX). A crafted stab can therefore set qdisc_pkt_len() to ~1 GiB for an ordinary skb. Per-flow deficit schedulers such as DRR and ETS replenish one quantum per loop iteration; with a tiny quantum (1) they spin billions of times under the qdisc lock, producing a soft lockup / RCU stall as illustrated by vega@nebusec.ai. Cap the final qdisc_pkt_len() to QDISC_PKT_LEN_MAX so the size-table amplification cannot drive deficit schedulers into an unbounded loop. A legitimate size table (e.g. qfq's overhead 999999999, which is handled by dropping) is still accepted. Introduce cap QDISC_PKT_LEN_MAX (1 << 20) = 1 MiB which is well above any legitimate single-skb wire length:

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: slip: remove slip_hangup() to fix use-after-free in slip_receive_buf() Jaeyoung Chung and Eulgyu Kim reported a slab-use-after-free read in slip_receive_buf() when racing against tty hangup. tty_ldisc_hangup() calls ld->ops->hangup() while holding only a read lock on tty->ldisc_sem (via tty_ldisc_ref()). Because slip_hangup() simply called slip_close(), it ran concurrently with reader functions such as slip_receive_buf(). slip_close() unregisters and frees the net device and its private struct slip, causing concurrent reader threads in slip_receive_buf() to dereference freed memory. Line discipline close() is already guaranteed to be called under the write lock of tty->ldisc_sem during hangup processing (in tty_ldisc_reinit() or tty_ldisc_kill()). Remove slip_hangup() so teardown is serialized cleanly by slip_close().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: fec: only stop PTP if it was initialized fec_ptp_init() is only called when fep->bufdesc_ex is available. However, fec_probe() unconditionally calls fec_ptp_stop() on the failed_init path, and fec_drv_remove() unconditionally calls fec_ptp_stop() during device removal. Check fep->bufdesc_ex before calling fec_ptp_stop() in both paths to avoid stopping PTP when it was not initialized.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: atm: usbatm: fix invalid ci_range initialization syzbot reported a shift-out-of-bounds in __vcc_connect(): UBSAN: shift-out-of-bounds in net/atm/common.c:382:32 shift exponent -1 is negative CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 5987 Comm: syz.0.18 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 08/05/2026 Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl+0xe8/0x150 lib/dump_stack.c:120 ubsan_epilogue+0xa/0x30 lib/ubsan.c:233 __ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds+0x36d/0x400 lib/ubsan.c:494 __vcc_connect+0x14b4/0x19c0 net/atm/common.c:382 vcc_connect+0x328/0x8f0 net/atm/common.c:498 pvc_bind+0x272/0x380 net/atm/pvc.c:52 __sys_bind+0x2e3/0x410 net/socket.c:1976 __x64_sys_bind+0x7a/0x90 net/socket.c:1979 ... ATM device ci_range fields (vpi_bits and vci_bits) represent the number of bits supported for VPI and VCI addressing on the device. net/atm/co

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tcp: fix corruption of urgent data on multi-segment retransmit On the normal xmit path, while in urgent mode we refuse to build a multi-segment TSO packet, so every segment gets its own urg_ptr: /* tcp_write_xmit() */ limit = mss_now; if (tso_segs > 1 && !tcp_urg_mode(tp)) limit = tcp_mss_split_point(...); The retransmit path has no such guard. __tcp_retransmit_skb() builds a segs > 1 skb and hands it to the GSO layer, which only advances th->seq per segment and copies urg_ptr verbatim: /* __tcp_retransmit_skb() */ len = cur_mss * segs; /* segs > 1, no urg_mode check */ ... /* tcp_gso_segment(): bumps seq only, urg_ptr is copied */ urg_ptr is an offset from the segment's own seq, so a copied value points at a different place on each segment. The receiver rebuilds the absolute urgent seq as seg.seq + urg_ptr, so it walks a moving urgent point instead of the one OOB byte: seg1 seq 1 urg_ptr 5001 ->

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/sched: sch_htb: limit htb_classify inner-class filter hops htb_classify() follows each filter-selected inner class by switching to cl->filter_list, but never bounds the number of hops. A filter on an inner class can point back to itself or to another inner class that points back, creating an infinite loop in the packet classification path with the qdisc lock held and BH disabled — a soft lockup / panic from a single packet. Bound the traversal with a hop counter and drop the packet with a rate-limited warning once the bound is exceeded. The counter is incremented at the point the inner filter chain is picked up, after the TC_ACT_* switch has consumed the classifier verdict, so a terminal TC_ACT_QUEUED/STOLEN/TRAP on the last permitted chain still sets *qerr to __NET_XMIT_STOLEN and the packet is not charged as a drop by this qdisc or its parent. The bound is TC_HTB_MAXDEPTH, taken from HTB's own parameters ra

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: dm-integrity: fix buffer overflow with keyed discard Since commit 68c5c42567bc ("dm-integrity: replace forgeable discard filler with a keyed sector marker"), integrity_metadata computes a checksum for every discarded block into the "checksums" buffer. integrity_sector_checksum always writes the whole digest. So if the tag size is smaller than the digest size, the checksum of the last block that fits into the buffer is written past the end of it. For example, with hmac(sha256) and tag size 16, a 4MiB discard writes 16 bytes past the kmalloc'ed page. Fix this by subtracting extra_space from the buffer size when computing max_blocks, like we do for writes.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tcp: reject non zerocopy devmem tx Devmem tcp tx doesn't work without zero-copy, however it's not currently enforced if NETIF_F_SG isn't present. In this case, tcp_sendmsg_locked() will try the copy path and try to copy data from an iovec which consists of offsets into the dma-buf and would normally fail. Moreover, d9c56501c72fd ("net: tcp: block mixing readable and unreadable frags") relies on that and assumes that the devmem binding is present IFF we're using the zero-copy path, which can be used to mix net-iov and pages in a single skb, and break invariants. Let's reject devmem tx without zero-copy. Note, the parameter check the patch is modifying is too loose, we can create an io_uring request with dmabuf_id and all ZC flags, but which won't have the binding. We replace it with stricter validation.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/sched: fq: clamp quantum and initial_quantum in change path The fq change path accepts TCA_FQ_QUANTUM in [1, INT_MAX] and TCA_FQ_INITIAL_QUANTUM up to INT_MAX, while fq_init() already clamps to [1, 1<<20]. A user can override the init clamp via tc qdisc change, restoring the small-quantum deficit spin that the init clamp prevents. Narrow iq_range.max to 1<<20 so TCA_FQ_INITIAL_QUANTUM is rejected at parse time. Clamp TCA_FQ_QUANTUM to [256, 1<<20] in fq_change() and fq_init() quantum to [256, 1<<20] for tiny-MTU devices. Conditions to recreate the bug: CONFIG_NET_SCH_FQ=y. Requires CAP_NET_ADMIN (namespace-local via unshare -Urn suffices). tc qdisc add dev dummy0 root fq tc qdisc change dev dummy0 root fq quantum 1 stab data 32768 size_log 15 cell_log 0

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: skbuff: don't skb_tx_error() the source skb in skb_zerocopy() skb_zerocopy() copies frags from @from into @to. On an skb_orphan_frags() failure it calls skb_tx_error(@from), a destructive operation on the source skb the copy helper does not own. That completes @from's zerocopy uarg and clears SKBFL_ALL_ZEROCOPY, including the SKBFL_SHARED_FRAG page-ownership marker. Both callers already report the failure on their own drop path. nfnetlink_queue does it at nla_put_failure, and Open vSwitch does it in the flow-miss drop arm of ovs_dp_process_packet(), so nothing is lost by dropping it here. On Open vSwitch's OVS_ACTION_ATTR_USERSPACE path the skb is not freed on this error: do_execute_actions() ignores output_userspace()'s return value and, unless the upcall was the last action, keeps forwarding the same skb through the flow's remaining actions. The uarg is completed while that skb is still in flight, telling th

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fs/ntfs3: fix slab-out-of-bounds write in ni_create_attr_list() ni_create_attr_list() allocates a fixed buffer of al_aligned(record_size) (== record_size) bytes and then walks every attribute of the primary MFT record, writing one ATTR_LIST_ENTRY per attribute and advancing the cursor by le_size(name_len), with no check against the end of the buffer; the total size is only computed after the loop. A minimum-size resident attribute occupies SIZEOF_RESIDENT (0x18 = 24) bytes on disk, but an unnamed attribute expands to le_size(0) (0x20 = 32) bytes in the list. Because the number of attributes in a record is not bounded (mi_enum_attr() accepts arbitrarily many equal-type, nameless minimum-size attributes), a crafted record packed with such attributes produces a list larger than record_size and overflows the heap buffer. This is reachable from a crafted, loop-mounted NTFS image: opening the file and adding an attribut

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/xe: Don't hand out the flat CCS storage as usable VRAM get_flat_ccs_offset() reads the base of the flat CCS storage from the hardware, scales it by the number of enabled L3 nodes, and rounds the result up to 128K. Everything below that offset is then handed to the VRAM allocator as usable memory. Rounding a limit that means "usable memory ends here" upwards publishes whatever lies between the real base and the rounded one as free memory, and that memory belongs to the compression hardware. The scaled value has no reason to be 128K aligned, and on a Battlemage G21 with 16 GiB it is not: flat CCS base: raw 0x3fafff800, rounded 0x3fb000000 so the last 2 KiB of page 0x3fafff000 is CCS storage, in the allocator's pool. Whatever is allocated there gets that tail overwritten by the compression hardware, which needs no page-table entry, no buffer object and no GPU submission to do it, and does it before userspace

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/page_alloc: don't spin_trylock() in NMI on UP Patch series "mm/page_alloc: fixes for free_pages_nolock() on RT/UP". Pre-existing bugs found by Sashiko during review of this other series: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260703-alloc-trylock-v5-0-c87b714e19d3@google.com/ I have not reproduced these bugs, and I suspect there is no real-world user that is affected by them. This patch (of 2): As noted in can_spin_trylock(), using this is unsafe in this context. commit 620b46ed6ae17 ("mm/page_alloc: return NULL early from alloc_frozen_pages_nolock() in NMI on UP") fixed this on the alloc side but missed the free side. Impact: If BPF programs using these features in NMI (probably tracing) are present on non-SMP builds this might crash the kernel and is probably exploitable by local attackers for privilege escalation.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: USB: gadget: ffs: fix mm lifetime handling io_data stores a pointer to the submitting task's mm_struct, but does not currently hold a reference to it while async requests are pending. This can result in a use-after-free if the task exits before completion handling finishes. Take a reference with mmgrab() when queuing the read request and release it with mmdrop() on request completion.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: gadget: f_fs: Fix Use-After-Free in AIO error path In ffs_epfile_write_iter() and ffs_epfile_read_iter(), when ffs_epfile_io() fails with an error other than -EIOCBQUEUED, the io_data structure (`p`) is freed. However, for AIO operations, the kiocb cancel function was already armed and kiocb->private was set to `p`. If a concurrent cancel operation (such as sys_io_cancel()) executes after ffs_epfile_io() fails but before the function frees `p`, a Use-After-Free can occur when the cancellation handler accesses the freed pointer. To securely fix this race condition, we must properly un-arm the cancellation. Invoking `kiocb->ki_complete()` does exactly this by acquiring `ctx->ctx_lock` and safely removing the kiocb from the active sequence. In doing so, it ensures that a parallel io_cancel can no longer discover the kiocb, effectively closing the race window. We then return -EIOCBQUEUED to notify the VFS layer t

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: zram: fix slot lock bit position on big-endian 64-bit The slot lock is a bit operation on the whole __lock word, which flags and ac_time alias as two u32s. On little-endian the lock bit lands in the position ZRAM_ENTRY_LOCK reserves in flags, so the aliasing works out. On 64-bit big-endian it lands in ac_time instead: with ZRAM_TRACK_ENTRY_ACTIME enabled, storing the access time from mark_slot_accessed() or slot_free() wipes out the held lock bit, letting another CPU take the same slot lock; an access time value with that bit set makes the slot look locked forever. Shift the lock bit into the flags half of the word on big-endian 64-bit.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ceph: properly decrypt filenames in vmalloc() buffers The fscrypt subsystem uses the scatterlist crypto API, inheriting its requirement that any buffers are in the linear mapping region. However, the messenger client uses kvmalloc() to create buffers for messages, which will occasionally place those buffers in the vmalloc() region when physical memory fragmentation doesn't permit a large enough kmalloc(). The various callers of ceph_fname_to_usr() directly pass (slices of) raw messages from the MDS without considering that the messages may be in vmalloc() buffers, resulting in oopses especially on non-x86 platforms (see 'Closes:' for more details and a reproducer). Make ceph_fname_to_usr() explicitly tolerant of vmalloc()-allocated fname->ctext, fname->name, and/or oname->name buffers, using `tname` (which, when non-null, must be a linear address; when null, is briefly allocated as necessary) as a bounce buffer to a