pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.12.1, an attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to large memory usage. This requires parsing large XMP metadata, possibly with lots of unnecessary elements. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.12.1.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 6.9.13-49 and 7.1.2-24, a crafted MVG file could result in a stack overflow due to a missing depth or visited-set check. This issue has been patched in versions 6.9.13-49 and 7.1.2-24.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 6.9.13-49 and 7.1.2-24, an infinite loop in the subimage-search operation can happen when using a crafted image. This issue has been patched in versions 6.9.13-49 and 7.1.2-24.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to version 7.1.2-24, when using an image with mask the Floyd-Steinberg dithering method it will cause a negative heap buffer over-write. This issue has been patched in version 7.1.2-24.

protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. Prior to 7.6.1 and 8.4.1, protobufjs could recurse without a depth limit while converting decoded messages to plain objects or JSON. This affected generated toObject() conversion and the custom google.protobuf.Any JSON conversion path. A crafted protobuf binary payload containing deeply nested Any values could cause the JavaScript call stack to be exhausted during conversion to JSON. This vulnerability is fixed in 7.6.1 and 8.4.1.

Starlette is a lightweight ASGI framework/toolkit. Prior to version 1.0.1, the HTTP `Host` request header was not validated before being used to reconstruct `request.url`. Because the routing algorithm relies on the raw HTTP path while `request.url` is rebuilt from the `Host` header, a malformed header could make `request.url.path` differ from the path that was actually requested. Middleware and endpoints that apply security restrictions based on `request.url` (rather than the raw `scope` path) could therefore be bypassed. Users should upgrade to a version greater than or equal to version 1.0.1, which validates the `Host` header against the grammar of RFC 9112 §3.2 / RFC 3986 §3.2.2 when constructing `request.url` and falls back to `scope["server"]` for malformed values.

Envoy is an open source edge and service proxy designed for cloud-native applications. From 1.34.0 until 1.35.13, 1.36.9, 1.37.5, and 1.38.3, a vulnerability exists in Envoy's TCP StatsD sink (TcpStatsdSink), where the thread-local flusher buffer can be overflowed by exceptionally long statistic names (e.g., >16KiB). During formatting, TcpStatsdSink reserves a single contiguous memory slice of 16KiB (FLUSH_SLICE_SIZE_BYTES). If formatting a single metric exceeds the remaining capacity, the flusher initiates a buffer rotation but incorrectly continues to allocate another fixed 16KiB slice. If an attacker can trigger a statistic name longer than 16KiB—for example, by sending an HTTP or gRPC request with an extremely long request path (:path) that is recorded by the grpc_stats filter configured with stats_for_all_methods: true—the flusher will attempt to copy the metric name using memcpy operations beyond the allocated heap buffer boundaries. This leads to a heap write overflow, wh...

A flaw was found in Rekor. The `Package.Unmarshal()` function, which processes Alpine Package Keep (APK) files, decompresses gzip streams without limiting the total decompressed size. A remote attacker can exploit this by crafting a malicious APK file with a high compression ratio, causing the server to consume excessive memory. This leads to a Denial of Service (DoS) through an out-of-memory (OOM) error, and can be triggered via unauthenticated API endpoints.

OpenStack Ironic through before 35.0.2 allows file overwrite via directory traversal during deployment with a crafted ISO image.

Impact: A bad regular expression is generated any time you have three or more parameters within a single segment, separated by something that is not a period (.). For example, /:a-:b-:c or /:a-:b-:c-:d. The backtrack protection added in path-to-regexp@0.1.12 only prevents ambiguity for two parameters. With three or more, the generated lookahead does not block single separator characters, so capture groups overlap and cause catastrophic backtracking. Patches: Upgrade to path-to-regexp@0.1.13 Custom regex patterns in route definitions (e.g., /:a-:b([^-/]+)-:c([^-/]+)) are not affected because they override the default capture group. Workarounds: All versions can be patched by providing a custom regular expression for parameters after the first in a single segment. As long as the custom regular expression does not match the text before the parameter, you will be safe. For example, change /:a-:b-:c to /:a-:b([^-/]+)-:c([^-/]+). If paths cannot be rewritten and versions cannot be upgrade...

A flaw in Node.js HTTP/2 client allows a server to send an unlimited number of ORIGIN frames, which could lead to an Out of Memory error on the client. This vulnerability affects all supported release lines: **Node.js 22**, **Node.js 24**, and **Node.js 26**.

A flaw in Node.js TLS hostname handling can cause Node.js unicode dot separator handling can lead to tls wildcard-depth authentication bypass due to resolver and verifier hostname normalization mismat. This can lead to confidentiality impact or bypass of the intended security boundary under affected configurations. This vulnerability affects all supported release lines: **Node.js 22**, **Node.js 24**, and **Node.js 26**.

A flaw in Node.js proxy tunnel error handling could expose proxy credentials in `ERR_PROXY_TUNNEL` error messages. When proxy credentials are embedded in the proxy URL, they may be exposed through error handling paths and captured by logs, diagnostics, or other error consumers. This vulnerability affects all supported release lines: **Node.js 22**, **Node.js 24**, and **Node.js 26**.

An improper authorization vulnerability in the Plesk XML API allows an authenticated user to inject arbitrary configuration directives, resulting in arbitrary file write as root and full privilege escalation on the underlying server.

Apache Shiro’s Jakarta EE module used the HTTP Referer header in certain cases to issue redirect after a user login. In affected versions, insufficient validation of this client-controlled value could allow an attacker to influence the redirect target in applications using the Jakarta EE module. This issue affects Apache Shiro from 2.0-alpha to 2.2.0, and 3.0.0-alpha-1, only when using shiro-jakarta-ee integration module.

An issue was discovered in Django 6.0 before 6.0.7 and 5.2 before 5.2.16. `UpdateCacheMiddleware` and the `cache_page()` decorator cache responses that vary on cookies when the incoming request carries unrelated cookies, which allows remote attackers to read private data from the shared cache. Earlier, unsupported Django series (such as 5.0.x, 4.1.x, and 3.2.x) were not evaluated and may also be affected. Django would like to thank Chris Whyland for reporting this issue.

An issue was discovered in Django 5.2 before 5.2.15 and 6.0 before 6.0.6. `django.utils.cache.has_vary_header()` in Django does not strip leading or trailing whitespace from `Vary` response header values before comparison, which allows remote attackers to read cached responses via requests to URLs whose responses contain whitespace-padded Vary header values. Earlier, unsupported Django series (such as 5.0.x, 4.1.x, and 3.2.x) were not evaluated and may also be affected. Django would like to thank Navid Rezazadeh for reporting this issue.

A flaw was found in Apache Thrift. This vulnerability, categorized as improper handling of highly compressed data (also known as data amplification), allows a remote attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) by sending specially crafted, highly compressed data. The affected component fails to properly manage the expansion of this data, leading to resource exhaustion and system unavailability.

PyJWT is a JSON Web Token implementation in Python. Prior to 2.13.0, when the verifier is decoding JSON Web Tokens, while supporting both asymmetric and HMAC algorithms, the library does not validate use of JSON Web Keys in HMAC algorithm, allowing attacker to use the issuer public key as the secret key for HMAC algorithm. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.13.0.

PyJWT is a JSON Web Token implementation in Python. From 2.8.0 to 2.12.1, when verifying detached JWS tokens using the unencoded-payload option ("b64": false, RFC 7797), PyJWT performs Base64URL decoding of the compact-serialization payload segment before enforcing the detached-payload rules. For b64=false, PyJWT later discards that decoded payload and replaces it with the caller-provided detached_payload. In practice, this turns the middle segment into an attacker-controlled “work amplifier”: a remote client can supply an arbitrarily large Base64URL payload segment that forces CPU work + memory allocations even if the signature is invalid. This creates an unauthenticated DoS vector against any endpoint that verifies detached JWS using PyJWT. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.13.0.