Crypt::OpenSSL::X509 versions before 2.1.3 for Perl allow a heap out-of-bounds read via a long certificate extension OID in hv_exts. When building the extension hash (via extensions(), extensions_by_long_name(), extensions_by_oid(), or has_extension_oid()), the code passes OBJ_obj2txt()'s return value as the hash-key length; because that value is the OID's full text length rather than the bytes written to the fixed-size buffer (129 bytes), an OID whose text is longer than the 129-byte buffer causes a read past the allocation, exposing adjacent heap memory as the returned hash key. extensions_by_name() uses the static shortname path and is not affected.

Crypt::OpenSSL::X509 versions before 2.1.3 for Perl allow denial of service via NULL pointer dereference. X509V3_EXT_d2i(ext) returns NULL when an extension's DER value fails to parse. basicC, ia5string, and auth_att dereference its result without a NULL check. keyid_data also dereferences akid->keyid, which is NULL for an empty AKI SEQUENCE (DER 30 00) even when the parse succeeds. A caller invoking an affected helper on an extension from an untrusted certificate triggers a SIGSEGV that crashes the Perl process.

In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.85, BCFKS keystore load honours unbounded KDF cost from untrusted file. This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.12, and Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bc-fips 1.0.2.7 (1.0.X series), 2.0.2 (2.0.X series) and 2.1.3 (2.1.X series).

In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.85, Stapled OCSP response accepted without binding to the checked certificate. This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.12, and Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bc-fips 2.0.2 (2.0.X series) and 2.1.3 (2.1.X series).

In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.85, CCM-family modes write plaintext to caller buffer before tag check. This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.12, and Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bc-fips 1.0.2.7 (1.0.X series), 2.0.2 (2.0.X series) and 2.1.3 (2.1.X series).

In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.85, HSS public-key level count unbounded, enabling huge allocation on verify. This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.12, and Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bc-fips 2.0.2 (2.0.X series) and 2.1.3 (2.1.X series).

In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.85, Quadratic-time escaping when stringifying X.500 distinguished names. This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.12, and Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bc-fips 1.0.2.7 (1.0.X series), 2.0.2 (2.0.X series) and 2.1.3 (2.1.X series).

Nmap through 7.99 does not keep the IPv6 extension-header walk within the captured packet in ipv6_get_data_primitive (libnetutil/netutil.cc), so the pointer advances past the buffer and the remaining-length computation underflows to a large value. A scanned target or on-path attacker returning a crafted IPv6 response with a truncated extension header can trigger out-of-bounds reads and a crash during raw IPv6 scans.

nghttp2's nghttpx proxy through 1.69.0 forwards an HTTP/1.1 Upgrade request that also carries a Content-Length header and body onto reusable keep-alive backend connections, re-adding the Upgrade and Connection headers while passing Content-Length verbatim. A backend that resolves the resulting ambiguous message in the attacker's favor enables HTTP request/response smuggling and cross-client response-queue poisoning.

7-Zip for Windows through 26.01 fails to preserve the Mark-of-the-Web when extracting a crafted RAR5 archive, because its guard that suppresses an archive-supplied Zone.Identifier stream matches the exact name 'Zone.Identifier' while a RAR5 STM record named ':Zone.Identifier:$DATA' is not matched and NTFS canonicalizes it to the same stream, overwriting the propagated Internet-zone marker with ZoneId=0. A second STM record named '::$DATA' overwrites the extracted file's default data stream, letting an attacker defeat SmartScreen/MotW warnings and spoof file content.

libssh2 through 1.11.1 grows its publickey list with SSH2_REALLOC but does not zero-initialize new entries before parsing populates them, so a parse failure reaching the cleanup path leaves libssh2_publickey_list_free operating on an uninitialized entry. A malicious SSH server offering the publickey subsystem can use a malformed response to make cleanup free an uninitialized, attacker-influenceable attrs pointer in a connecting libssh2 client.

libssh2 through 1.11.1 reads an attacker-controlled 32-bit attribute count from a publickey-subsystem response and uses it in the allocation num_attrs * sizeof(libssh2_publickey_attribute) without bounds checking, so on 32-bit platforms the multiplication overflows to an undersized buffer. A malicious SSH server can then drive the attribute-parsing loop to write past the allocation, causing a heap buffer overflow in a connecting libssh2 client.

FFmpeg's RASC video decoder (decode_dlta in libavcodec/rasc.c) performs 32-bit reads and writes at the row cursor before the NEXT_LINE row-boundary check and validates the DLTA region in pixel rather than byte units, so a DLTA run on a PAL8 frame can access several bytes past the row allocation. A crafted media stream using the RASC FourCC, decoded by libavcodec, triggers a bitstream-controlled out-of-bounds heap write and adjacent out-of-bounds read, leading to memory corruption.

A flaw in Node.js allows a spoofed `TypedArray` `byteLength` to trigger a reachable assertion in the synchronous `node:zlib` APIs, causing the entire process to crash. All 11 synchronous zlib functions are affected. Repeated exploitation of this condition can result in a denial of service. This vulnerability affects Node.js **22.x**, **24.x**, and **26.x**.

A flaw in Node.js HTTP client can cause a request desynchronization for Node.js-based forwarding proxies that rebuild outbound headers from the visible `IncomingMessage` headers while piping the original body to a reused backend connection. Node.js can omit headers beyond `maxHeadersCount` / `maxHeaderPairs` from `req.headers`, `req.rawHeaders`, and `req.headersDistinct`, while still using those omitted headers internally for HTTP message framing. In particular, `Content-Length` can be hidden from userland while the request body is still delivered. This vulnerability affects all supported release lines: **Node.js 22**, **Node.js 24**, and **Node.js 26**.

A flaw in Node.js Permission Model enforcement can over-grant filesystem access across radix-tree prefix boundaries. Under `--permission`, an attacker who is granted access to one path can abuse boundary handling to read from or write to paths outside the intended filesystem allowlist. This vulnerability affects Node.js **main**, **22.x**, **24.x**, and **26.x**.

A flaw in Node.js can cause dns.resolveAny() Aborts the Node.js Process When a DNS Response Contains More Than 256 A Records. Repeated triggering of this condition can lead to denial of service. This vulnerability affects Node.js **26.x**, **24.x**, and **22.x**.

A flaw in Node.js node:sqlite allows a stale StatementSyncIterator created through DatabaseSync#createTagStore() to continue executing a cached prepared statement after it has been reset and rebound with new parameters. SQLTagStore resets cached statements using sqlite3_reset() directly, bypassing the iterator invalidation mechanism introduced for StatementSync in recent releases This vulnerability affects Node.js **22.x**, **24.x**, and **26.x**.

An incomplete fix has been identified in Node.js: HTTPS Agent TLS session reuse skips hostname verification across identity policies (incomplete fix of CVE-2026-48934). This vulnerability affects Node.js **22.x**, **24.x**, and **26.x**.

A flaw in Node.js Permission Model enforcement allows process.report writes (and overwrites) files outside --allow-fs-write paths. This can lead to confidentiality impact or bypass of the intended security boundary under affected configurations. This vulnerability affects Node.js **22.x**, **24.x**, and **26.x**.